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K. S. Pruthi , P. C. Verma , Mohan Lal , B. K. Bhartari

Abstract

Extensive laboratory tests have been conducted under six series of experiments to study the effects of two species of varying density from strength groups, thickness of constituent members, inclination of loading to the direction of grain of timber and face veneer orientation of plywood, preboring plywood, etc. Analysis of results done at different levels of derivations have revealed a definite trend in applications as to the preference of a particular plywood thickness, timber thickness and strength loss on preboring plywood but no generalized conclusion have been drawn. Bearing strength of wire nails presented for different types of joints may be safely used as designfunctions in plywood-to-wood composite structures.

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K. S. Pruthi , Mohan Lal

Abstract

Nail is an economical and simple jointing device for wood in timber structure such as roof trusses, columns etc. The lateral bearing strength of 3.55 mm dia (9 SWG) nails in double shear in Terminalia alata (Sain) now redetermined through laboratory tests for parallel and perpendicular to grain loadings has heen reported in this paper based on the requirements of Indian Standard. The data will enable the engineers to design and construct safe timber stroetures more economically.

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N. K. Shukla , A. K. Khanduri , Krishan Lal , Mohan Lal

Abstract

Based on the tests conducted on small clear specimens of Acacia benthamii, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Eriobotrya joponica. Milingtonia hortensis, Prosopis juliflora and Thuja orientalis from some localities, their physical and mechanical properties have been reported and discussed. The safe working stresses for structural purposes and suitability indices for various Industrial and engineering uses have also been reported. While the avilable data on all the species is not sufficient for drawing firm conclusions about their utilisation for different end uses, it has been found that Millingtonia hortemis and Prosopis juliflora are more suitable from strength point of view, for constructional purposes, tool handles and railway sleepers. Prosopis juliflora has also been found suitable for dunnage pallets.

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N. K. Shukla , P. C. Verma , Krishan Lal , Mohan Lal , S. N. Sanyal

Abstract

Based on the tests conducted on small clear specimens of plantation grown Acacia leucophloea. A. nilolica and A. tortilis from Mohindergarh (Haryona), their physical and mechanical properties have been reported and discussed. Although all the three species are heavier than Teak, they are not superior to Teak in several mechanical properties. Based on suitability indices, these species have been grouped as very heavy and moderately steady timbers. From strength point of view, all the three species are suitable for constructional purposes, railway sleepers, tool bandies, fence posts, agricultural implements, anvil blocks, mallet heads etc. A. nilotica and A. tortilis are also suitable for the manufaCture of dunnage pallets.

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K. S. Pruthi , Mohan Lal , H. N. Mishra

Abstract

Nail jointed timber designs, besides being simpler in execution and economical in cost have potentialities in promoting the utilization of short length and small dimensioned stocks of timber. In this paper the strength properties of structural joints made with 5 mm dia, diamond pointed/plain shanked wire nails have been described for Eucalyptus sp.-a fast growing species. Statistical analysis and the reported values are of four different loading patterns simulated to web and chord connections for both the temporary and permanent conditions in timber structures.

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Mohan Lal ¹, S. K. Sharma ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Uadaipur (RAJASTHAN), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Uadaipur (RAJASTHAN), IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Upland Paddy, Integrated Nutrient Management

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Yogesh Prasad Rajbhar ¹, S. D. Singh ¹, Mohan Lal ¹, Gopal Singh ¹, P. L. Rawat ¹

Affiliations
1 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Zonal Research Centre -Nagina (Bijnor)-246 762(U.P.) during 2000 to evaluate the performance of high density planting of mango (Mangifera indica L.). The mango variety Dashehari scion wood of 20-22cm grafted on seedling ischolar_mainstock in July 1999 were planted at Horticulture Section in August, 2000 at two spacing viz., 10m × 10m (100 plants/ha-normal density) and 3.0m × 3.0 (1111plants/ha-high density). Five grafts were planted in normal density and 160 grafts were planted in high density employing about 0.1940 ha area. Grafts in normal density were planted at marked points prepared by pit digging (1×1×1m) and then by filling the pits with dug soil mixed with 100 g N, 75 g P₂O₅ and 75 g K₂O fertilizer mixture, whereas grafts in high density were planted directly with the use of fertilizers containing 100 kg N, 75 kg P₂O₅ and 75kg K₂O/ha. Normal package of pracices was applied in both the system of plantings. The plant height (5.30m) was recorded under normal planting whereas it was found little different in high density of mango at 11^th year of their planting. The stem girth under normal system was noted as 55.7cm whereas,it was slightly reduced to 50.7cm under high density of planting. The expansion of East-West and North- South direction both were recorded same as 3.10m and 3.03m in normal planting and high density planting, respectively. The fruit yield 22.30q/ha was noted under normal density of planting whereas, it was 242.20q/ha at 5^th year of planting under high density planting system. The fruit yield ranged from 22.30to 109.80 q/ha from 5^th year to 11^th year, respectively under normal system of planting whereas it ranged from 242.2 to 1093.22q/ha under HDP system of planting. The observations showed that the fruit yield ratio of normal system of planting to HDP were 1:10.86, 1:9.92, 1:9.90,1:8.67, 1:9.80, 1:9.27 and 1:9.95 from 5^th year to 11^th year of age, respectively. So, it is a very informative and need of the hour to plant HDP system of mango just to get 9 to 10 times more yield for increasing mango productivity and to reach the king of fruit to the common people.

Keywords

High Density Planting, Mangifera indica, Mango.

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Sukriti Dutta ¹, Sunita Munda ¹, Mohan Lal ¹, P. R. Bhattacharyya ¹

Affiliations
1 Medicinal Aromatic and Economic Plants Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology,Jorhat - 785006, Assam, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cymbopogon species is a universally accepted oil bearing grass. It is very much valuable for both Industrial as because of its main components like Geraniol, Geranial, Citral, Myrcene, Neral, Nerol, and Citronellol, Limonene etc. and Medicinal value. Therefore, it is just a little attempt to survey the literature of this important grass. Materials and Methods: For this literature survey, basically library data was collected and digital resources were also included. From these sources we obtained reliable information about different works of Cymbopogon sp. Findings: These grasses have considerable medicinal importance as all parts of it are used extensively in Ayurvedic, unani and other some traditional health treatments. Studies by different researchers indicate that Cymbopogonspecies possesses various pharmacological activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-diarrheal, anti-amoebic, anti-filarial, anti-fungal and antiinflammatory properties, and various other effects like anti-mutagenicity, anti-malarial,anti-oxidants, anti-mycobacterial, hypoglycaemic etc. There are many literatures demonstrating the therapeutic use, enzyme inhibition activities of Citronella oil and also simultaneously analysed the different components of the oil. Application/Improvement: Till date very scanty information is available from different –different sources so, we try to collect this information in one review article. This review article gives an account of updated information on its chemical constituents, therapeutic uses, antimicrobial, antifungal and enzyme inhibitory activities of Cymbopogon species.

Keywords

Cymbopogon, Chemical Constituents, Enzyme Inhibition, Medicinal Properties, Pharmacological Activities, Therapeutic Use.

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Mohan Lal ¹, Sukriti Dutta ¹, Debajit Saikia ¹, B. S. Bhau ¹

Affiliations
1 Medicinal Aromatic and Economic Plant Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat – 785006, Assam, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To evaluate and identify the selection criteria of high yielding genotypes of sesame in high moisture and acidic soil conditions in north east India. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Hundred diverse accessions of Sesamum indicum L. were investigated in Kharif 2014 at CSIR-NEIST Jorhat. Relationships were determined between single plant seed yield (g) and leaf nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, number of pods per main stem, breadth of pod, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per plant. Simple phenotypic correlation coefficients among all observed components were first calculated by the SPSS statistical program (version 10) and later separated into direct and indirect effects through path coefficient analyses as suggested by Singh and Chaudhary13. Path coefficients were estimated by following Dewey and Lu5. Findings: Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among genotypes for all the characters studied. Seed yield per plant showed significant and positive association with number of pods/plant, days to maturity and number of seeds/pod. Path coefficient analyses showed number of pods/plant had maximum direct effect on seed yield followed by breadth of pods, days to maturity and number of pods on main stem. It could be concluded that the number of pods per plant, days to maturity and number of pods on main stem are promising good selection criteria for single plant seed yield improvement in sesame. Application/Improvements: This analysis proposed that sesame breeding for higher yield could be based on these characters as selection criteria.

Keywords

Character Association, Correlation, Path Coefficient, Sesame, Single Plant Seed Yield

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Mohan Lal ¹, M. R. Dabbas ¹, Sanjive KR. Singh ¹, Shrawan Kumar ¹, Narendra Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Vegetable Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Tomato is a very remunerative crop among vegetables which is largely affected by fungal, bacterial, nematodel, phytoplasma and viral diseases. Studies on the radial growth of the fungus in various treatments was measured and the average diameter of the colony was calculated. However, among the five bio-agents and five plant extract viz., Trichoderma viride (50.56%), Trichoderma harzianum (45.56%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (44.45%), Trichoderma virens (30.56%) and Trichoderma hamatum(25.56%) proved to be the most effective as they have inhibited the growth pathogen. Neem (Azadirachta indica) 47.13 per cent, were most effective in inhibiting the fungal growth. ginger (Zingiber officinale) 45.98 per cent, garlic (Allium sativum L.) 43.68 per cent, onion (Allium cepa L.) 41.37 per cent and mustard (Brassica nigra) 26.44 per cent was least effective in checking the mycelial growth of the test fungus. The mean of analysis of two years data revealed that, the minimum disease intensity (12.05%) and maximum fruit yield 18.92 kg/plot were recorded in foliar spray of Trichoderma harzianum 4g/lit of water, next best effective bio-agent was Trichoderma viride 4g/lit of water which gave 15.85 kg/plot fruit yield.

Keywords

Bio-Agents, Septoria lycopersici, Tomato, Mustard.

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Amandeep Singh ¹, Sanjeev Mahajan ¹, Harjot Kaur ¹, Mohan Lal ¹, Gagandeep Singh ², Prabhjot Kaur ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar – 143001, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Background: The nationwide lockdown due to the spread of Corona virus Disease (COVID-19) has led to the disruption of several activities of everyday life including education. This had to shift towards e-learning and teaching to continue the uninterrupted flow of knowledge. Though e-teaching proves to be an effective teaching modality in current times, it’s not without its limitations and challenges. It is necessary to find out the problems faced by the teachers involved in e-teaching and the motivating factors so that improvements can be made in the current teaching modality to render it more effective and productive and solve the need of the hour. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the teaching faculty of the medical institutions of Punjab. The data collection tool was a semi-structured self-made questionnaire prepared using ‘Google Forms’, which was then shared in the WhatsApp groups. Received responses were imported to the Microsoft Excel sheet and statistical analysis was done. Results: 97.1% of teachers were facing some kind of problem in e-teaching, most common of which were lack of personal interaction with the teachers (91.9%), poor response from students (54.5%), frequent technological failures/limited access to the internet (54.5%), Lack of training regarding the use of digital platforms/unprepared for e-teaching (25.4%), etc. Major motivating factors were the ability to share a variety of updated content with students (58.4%), increased flexibility of location (53.6%), being able to keep in touch with students and the subject even during the lockdown (48.8%), development of digital expertise (41.6%), the flexibility of time (29.7%), etc. Discussion: Online teaching cannot be a substitute to routine classroom teaching, however, it can be used as a supplement along with the routine teaching to share more content with the students, to give assignments, to receive feedback, etc. as suggested by most of the participants in this study

Keywords

COVID-19, Medical Education, Medical Faculty, Online Learning, Teaching Hospital

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